Paid for, then left idle
India’s auditor found that BharatNet, the fibre network that reaches every village council, uses only 17.91% of the bandwidth available at its service-ready connections (CAG Report No. 19 of 2026, as summarised by The Policy Edge).
A school line is the clearest case: it is used about six hours a school day, about 200 days a year, roughly 1,200 of the year’s 8,760 hours. In the evenings the same village’s students have nowhere affordable to get online for homework, applications and exams, while the school pays its bill out of a small budget.
How it works
- After the bell, a separate public network opens on the school’s router. India’s public Wi-Fi framework, PM-WANI, lets any shop or establishment run one as a Public Data Office without a licence, and TRAI caps what a provider may charge it for the backhaul. During school hours it is off; children’s devices never share a network with the public.
- Villagers buy time in rupees, by UPI at the operator’s shop or in a PM-WANI app, for example ₹10 an hour. Nobody touches crypto.
- Every sale is split by a contract, in public. The School Management Committee, the parent-led body every government school has under the Right to Education Act, approves the split on chain.
An example split. The committee sets it; changing it needs the committee’s signature.
Why Web3 here
- Four parties who do not answer to each other share every sale: a school, a private operator, a provider and a village committee. A contract settles each sale the same day, in public, without an accountant in the middle.
- The split is a rule nobody can quietly change; the school’s share is protected by the committee’s signature.
- Stablecoin rails settle tiny amounts cheaply, while users and the operator see only rupees through a payment partner.
- It composes with Roll Call: Roll Call keeps the line working by day, paying the provider only for days it works; Afterbell makes the same line earn in the evening.
Impact
- A school line that pays for itself instead of depending on a grant that can lapse.
- Evening internet for students near a place their families already trust.
- A small local job in every school village that adopts it.
- Infrastructure the country already paid for, used: a direct answer to the 17.91% finding.
Risks, and how they are handled
- Child safety. The public network runs only after hours, separate from school devices, with PM-WANI’s user authentication and content norms. The committee can switch it off with one signature.
- The school’s own use. School hours always win: the public network turns off automatically before the bell.
- Provider terms. TRAI’s cap on backhaul pricing for public Wi-Fi applies, and the provider’s share is written into the split.
- Cash and crypto. Users and operators deal only in rupees; stablecoins move only between the contract and the payment partner.
A pilot, and what we would build for the finals
Ten schools that already have a working line, three months, then publish hours sold, revenue, the share of each school’s bill it covered, and any incidents.
For the finals: the split contract with committee-signed changes, a voucher registry tested against a captive portal on a real school router, the village dashboard, and one school shown in both Roll Call (daytime uptime paid to the provider) and Afterbell (evening revenue paid to the school).